東北地理所與康斯坦茨大學合作在植物化感作用研究中取得突破性成果
長久以來，化感（生物產生化學物質從而影響另一個生物；Fig. 1）被認為能夠影響植物個體表現、群落結構與植物入侵。近期中科院東北地理所與農業生態研究所與德國康斯坦茨大學等單位合作搜集了384項實驗的數據，并首次對化感作用進行了整合分析。結果表明，化感使植物的表現平均降低25%,但是研究間的異質性很高。例如不同實驗方法測得的化感作用不同：與植物浸出液相比，植物殘余物的抑制作用較強，而化感植物土壤的抑制作用較弱（Fig. 2）。化感的抑制作用隨著物種之間進化距離（phylogenetic distance）的增加而增強，并且，已歸化外來植物的浸出液對本地植物的抑制作用強于本地植物的浸出液 （Fig. 3）。本研究表明化感作用確實可以促進外來植物的成功入侵，而植物進化距離與化感作用的關系表明了化感能促進近緣種的共存（convergence）或促進單物種在群落中占主導優勢。在文章的最后，我們還就化感的促進作用，土壤微生物對化感的影響，測試植物的重要性，以及化感的生態與進化意義進行了討論，希望給未來的化感研究提供一些線索。
Figure 1 The different release pathways and effects of allelochemicals. The allelopathy plant (left) can release allelochemicals through four pathways (black arrows): leaching by rain (P1), decomposition of plant residues (P2), exudation from roots (P3) and volatilisation (P4). The allelochemicals can affect the test plant directly (red arrows) or indirectly through their effect on soil biota (dashed red arrows). Soil biota can also affect allelochemicals, such as through conversion or degradation of allelochemicals.
Figure 2 Effects of different aspects of study design on allelopathy. (a) Effects of the type of method (orange), the type of performance measure (blue) and the experimental environment (green) on allelopathy. (b) Effect of study duration on allelopathy. (c) Effect of the concentration of leachates on allelopathy. In (a) for each category (parameter), the posterior distribution is plotted with the mean and 95% credible interval. The text on the right displays the mean, 95% credible interval (CI), and the number of observations (obs) and papers. An asterisk indicates a significant difference between the level of interest and the reference level. In (b) and (c), curves of the estimated effects are shown with their 95% credible intervals. Negative values of the effect size (ln RR) indicate that allelopathy inhibits plant performance.
Figure 3 Effects of evolutionary history on allelopathy. (a) Effect of phylogenetic distance between allelopathy and test species on allelopathy. The curve of the estimated effect is shown with its 95% credible interval. (b) Effects of origin of allelopathy and test species on allelopathy when tested with the leachate method. Effects of native, non-naturalised alien and naturalised alien allelopathy species are shown in dark blue, light blue and orange. For each category (parameter), the posterior distribution is plotted with the mean and 95% credible interval. The text on the right displays the mean, 95% credible interval (CI), and the number of observations (obs) and papers. Negative values of the effect size (ln RR) indicate that allelopathy inhibits plant performance. An asterisk indicates significant difference between reference level (native on native) and the other.
該研究成果于近期發表在國際生態學Top期刊Ecology Letters上。本研究第一作者為張致杰博士，通訊作者為劉艷杰研究員。相關論文信息：Zhang Z, Liu Y*, Yuan L, Weber E, van Kleunen M (2020) Effect of allelopathy on plant performance: a meta-analysis. Ecology Letters, doi: 10.1111/ele.13627.
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